First report of <i>Entyloma australe</i> causing white smut on <i>Physalis peruviana</i> in Austria

In September 2022, white smut disease symptoms were observed on the leaves and calyx of physalis (Physalis peruviana) in Pupping, Upper Austria, Austria. Leaves affected plants showed circular to irregularly shaped, yellow-green spots 1 5 mm diameter (Figure 1). As developed, lesions turned brown necrotic, sometimes becoming confluent. Calyx brown, necrotic 2). Microscopic examination diseased plant parts sori composed globose subglobose, hyaline yellowish teliospores, 10–12 μm with double-layered smooth walls 3). addition, leaf covered by dense white, powdery material, consisting hyphae conidia anamorphic stage lower surface 4). Two types observed: 1) cylindrical, hook- sickle-shaped, 12.05–20.62 × 1.38–2.96 (mean 15.46 2.24 μm), 2) long, filiform conidia, 20.62–52.24 1.24–2.62 32.17 1.75 μm) 5). Both hyaline, smooth, non-septate guttulate. Based these microscopical characteristics, fungal species was identified as Entylomella australe state Entyloma (Spegazzini, 1880; Ciferri, 1959). To confirm morphological identification, sequencing ITS1 5.8S ITS2 region sample performed. DNA extracted from material using DNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen) according manufacturer's instructions. The ITS fragment amplified selective primer pair ITS1-F ITS4 (Gardes & Bruns, 1993) sequence analysis performed sequences generated both primers. A contig assembly including a trimming Geneious software 10.1.3. isolate had 100% identity E. Zimbabwe (GenBank Accession No. MT332212.1) 99.39% Costa Rica (AY081019.3). not detected seeds infected plants. These data have been submitted GenBank (OQ816794) voucher specimen deposited at GZU ((University Graz, Austria): 4070 Pupping 4, N 48.338768, O 14.001087, living Physalis peruviana cv. Schönbrunner Gold, 13 Sept. leg. et det. Gerhard Bedlan. is reported occur several countries worldwide. Europe this first Germany 2009 (Global Biodiversity Information Facility, 2023). our knowledge, report causing